摘要现今因特网快速发展并且无处不在，社交网络，电子商务，信息门户等等应用的迅速发展已经深刻的深入人们的生活并且逐渐的改变人们的传统生活，更新人们对网络新的认知，更大程度上做到了足不出户就可以办理很多事务。但是随着这种并发式的增长同样为企业级的服务器带来更多更大更强的挑战。现如今的Web服务器要面对着与之前不能相比的流量访问，提供更多用户的服务，提供更稳定的服务，更快的响应能力与处理能力。4483
对于上述新的挑战，Web服务器的性能取决于服务器硬件软件包括CPU，RAM系统OS等。当大量的流量访问服务器由于本身性能的制约，会滞后响应，丢包，或者导致数据延时重发严重占用带宽产生不断的请求进一步的增加服务器负担，严重的可能引起宕机失去所有响应。但伴随着越来越多的需求与增长，单一的更新升级服务器设备远远不能长久之计，高额成本的投入以及更新换代的现有资源浪费都是需要考虑到的问题。甚至服务器更新到最新最好的设备也不足以满足业务要求。针对这个挑战最常用的解决方案就是服务器集群的负载均衡。
    
负载均衡是解决这个挑战的最科学的技术。采用负载均衡技术的Web服务器系统由在同一层面多台Web服务器以对称的方式组成一个服务器的集合，每台服务器都有相同的地位，并且都可以独立的对外提供服务不需要其他服务器的辅助，通过Director来均匀调度结构中的一台服务器上。接收到请求的服务器独立的回应客户的请求。这种系统负载分配到不同的服务器上处理以提供解决大量用户并发访问服务并行处理的方法就是负载均衡。

本文分析ipvs的各种模型的区别与优缺点，并基于虚拟机实现简单的负载均衡集群，并且完成简单负载均衡集群的配置和其配置的方法、流程。
关键词： Web服务器；负载均衡；集群；
Abstract
The rapid development of today's Internet and everywhere in the rapid development of social networks, e-commerce, information portal application has profoundly deepened people's lives and gradually change people's traditional way of life, and update people new awareness of the network, the greater extent do stay at home can handle a lot of transaction. However, with the concurrent growth in the same enterprise-class server to bring more and greater challenges. Is now a Web server to be the face of the flow can not be compared before access to more users of the service, to provide a more stable service, faster response and processing capacity.
Web server's performance depends on the server hardware and software for the new challenges, including CPU, RAM, system OS. When a lot of traffic to access the server due to performance constraints, delayed response, packet loss, or result in data delay retransmission serious occupied bandwidth request further increase the burden on the server, the possibility of serious downtime caused by loss of all responses. But with the increasing demand and growth, a single upgrade server equipment is far from a permanent solution, the high cost of inputs as well as the upgrading of existing waste of resources need to be taken into account. Even the server update to the latest and best equipment is not enough to meet the business requirements. The most common solution for this challenge is the server cluster load balancing.
Load balancing is the most scientific technology to solve this challenge. Web server load balancing technology system consists of multiple Web servers at the same level in a symmetrical manner to form a collection of servers, each server has the same status, and can provide service does not require the aid of other servers, through the Director to the uniform scheduling structure on a single server. Receiver to the requested separate server to respond to customer requests. Such a system processing load assigned to a different server to provide a solution to a large number of concurrent users to access the service parallel processing is load balancing. 中小企业web服务器的的负载均衡集群方案设计+脚本代码:http://www.youerw.com/jisuanji/lunwen_1181.html