Through study and practice, Cooperative Learning refers to a teaching strategy with the use of learning goals and reward mechanism which can let students actively interact and positively reflect in a heterogeneous group。
Cooperative Learning whenever you use must according to its basic elements, including heterogeneous groups, inpidual responsibility, cooperative skills and self-evaluation。 Those reflect more fully, the better。 The definitions of experts mentioned in the front of the article are from different aspects to reflect the basic elements of Cooperative Learning。 Establishing heterogeneous groups before Cooperative Learning is to reflect the comprehension of group, thus providing complementary positive interaction between groups and providing fairness for inter-group competition。 Secondly, Cooperative Learning goals are only regarded as a strategy used to promote the comprehensive development of students。 In addition, the cooperation reward mechanism can make each student know their responsibilities clearly and fully mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of each student。 In general, each definition has its specific connotation and certain extension, so we must further understand and master it in practice。文献综述
2。3 The theoretical basis of Cooperative Learning
2。3。1 Motivational Theory
The Motivational Theory mainly studies the reward and target structures of students' activity。 Deutsch (M, 1949) once defined three kinds of target structures: cooperative structure, competitive structure and inpidual structure。 From the perspective of people who advocate the motivational theory, they hold that the cooperative goal creates a situation where the team members can reach the inpidual goal only through the success of the team。 Cooperative Learning emphasizes "group cooperation, group competition", group competition between the two groups can improve students' external motivation and group cooperation within the group can improve the students' learning motivation。 Cooperative goal structure decides that group learning success depends upon success of inpiduals’ learning, so team members must do anything to contribute to team success and do their utmost to achieve common goals。 In Cooperative Learning, group members can form “the community of common interest” through common learning objectives, task pision, resource sharing, roles taking and group rewards and recognition between group members, which is beneficial to stimulate their learning motivation。
2。3。2 Constructivist Theory
Constructivist Theory hold that knowledge is not taught by teachers, but can be acquired by meaningful constructivist methods with the help of other people and the use of learning materials under certain social background。 The learning process is actively constructing knowledge and experience rather than accepting it passively which can enrich and transform their knowledge and experience through interactions of new experience and original knowledge。 According to constructivism, people construct their understandings to outside world with their personal experience is different, and many limitations are also included。 People can understand more accurately and more comprehensively by meaningful sharing and coordination。 The constructivist learning is learners centered, who are all in their own unique ways to feel the outside world, as is the Cooperative Learning, which emphasizes students’ active participation and they can get and enrich their prior knowledge and experience by discussion and cooperation。来,自,优.尔:论;文*网www.youerw.com +QQ752018766-
3。 Necessities of Applying Cooperative Learning in English Reading Teaching
3。1 To reflect student centered
In traditional class, teachers focus on teaching the content of textbooks and ignore students' learning methods so that students are lack of initiative and innovation of learning, but the basic ideal of New Curriculum Reform is clear to students that the classroom teaching is centered of students。 This concept is not only concerned with how teachers teach students but also how to learn by students themselves。 More emphasis on the cooperative teaching principle embodies the people-oriented and learner centered ideology。 Teaching process changing the interaction between teachers and students into students' interaction, from passive acceptance to active learning, from getting knowledge to training ability, reflects the core idea of Cooperative Learning。 The basic mode of Cooperative teaching is guidance--participation。 For the relationship between the teachers and students, students should become subjects of study and should be involved in learning actively to learn from experience and experience the success。 Cooperative teaching pays attention to student in the learning process and encourages students to form a positive learning attitude and to improve the ability of language application in reality。 合作学习在中学英语阅读教学中应用的个案研究(3):http://www.youerw.com/yingyu/lunwen_88463.html