The skopos rule means that the translation is determined by skopos。 The translation methods and strategies hinge on the intended functions and aims of the target text。 From Vermeer’s point of view, the skopos rule refers that the text and translation function in the way people want through translation, interpretation, speaking and writing (Vermeer 12)。 The translator are supposed to take a variety of strategies to fulfill the purpose of the target text。 The translation doesn’t need to be equal to the source text before achieving intended purpose。论文网

Coherence rule is the second important rule of skopos theory。 Coherence rule means that the translation must be understood and accepted by target text receivers。 Therefore, we have to take target reader’s background, knowledge, needs, expectations and situations into consideration。 Furthermore, the translators’ intentions must be balanced to the authors’ intentions, to achieve a harmonious relationship among the authors, the translators and the target text receivers。 Under the coherence rule, the source text is not as important as before。

Fidelity rule is also known as intertextual coherence。 Nord put forward this rule in his book Function plus Loyalty。 Under the fidelity rule, the translation have to be faithful to the original text and the translators must be loyal to the original authors。 The source text and the target text are asked to be in accordance with each other。 The faithfulness depends on the purpose of the target text and the translator’s understanding of the source text。 The translation process is guided by the three basic rules。 The fidelity rule is often used to solve the problems existing during the process of translation。

3。 Subtitle Translation

Subtitle translation springs up with the development of film industry。 It plays an important role in cross-culture exchange。 Subtitle translation helps provide more information of the films and make the target language audience better understand the content of the films, especially the characters’ inner monologues and the dialogues between characters。 Subtitle translation is not a simple transformation of language。 To a large extent, it is conditioned by the culture of target language。 

3。1 Definition of Subtitle Translation文献综述

Subtitle translation translates source language into target language。 It is a special type of language transformation。 From the perspective of audience, listening to the original sound of the film and using target language to understand the film at the same time is a code-switching in the brain。 There are different definitions of subtitle translation from different scholars。 A subtitle appears on the screen as a printed statement or fragment of dialogues。 Sometimes, it also appears at the bottom of the screen as a translation of a motion picture or television show in a foreign language (Li 4)。 According to Luyken, Subtitle is condensed written translation and it is often located in the foot to the screen (Luyken 31)。 Its appearance and disappearance must coincide with corresponding portion of the original dialogue。 Subtitle translation is mainly made up of dialogues between characters。 Sometimes, it is also composed of the monologues of the characters。 Subtitle translation is a combination of the artistry and technicality。 On the one hand, the translator must be excel in Chinese and English。 On the other hand, the translator is supposed to have a wealth of cultural background knowledge (De 3)。 Subtitle translation is guided by target audience and strives for market value。 Therefore, the translators need to maintain the original style as much as possible and view the target language audience as the center, focusing on the target language audience effect。

3。2 Classifications of Subtitle Translation

Subtitle translation can be categorized from different perspectives。 According to the linguistics perspective, subtitle translation can be classified into intralingual subtitle translation and interlingual subtitle translation。 The intralingual subtitle translation just transforms words into texts。 It changes the mode of speaking, but it doesn’t change the language itself。 Intralingual subtitle translation is also called vertical subtitle translation。 Interlingual subtitle translation translates source language into target language under the circumstance of remaining the original sound。 Interlingual subtitle translation is also called diagonal subtitle translation。 Subtitle translation will be different on account of the perse types of the film。  目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译以《十二生肖》为例(3):http://www.youerw.com/yingyu/lunwen_199992.html