文献[12]:控制器设计常常因为某些附加条件的限制而失败。比如，降低成本在许多系统中是一个主要的因素。在机械和电气设计阶段的折衷往往会涉及传感器和执行器。减少传感器、执行器的数目以及使用低精度传感器和低能耗执行器是一些节约成本的标准方法。这些影响对控制系统是附加的，有时会带来冲突性的限制。
文献[13]:The widespread use of embedded systems requires the creation of industrial software technology that will make it possible to engineer systems being correct by construction. That can be achieved through the use of validated (trusted) components，verification of design models, and automatic configuration of applications from validated design models and trusted components. This design philosophy has been instrumental for developing COMDES—a component-based framework for distributed embedded control systems. A COMDES application is conceived as a network of embedded actors that are configured from instances of reusable, executable components—function blocks (FBs). System actors operate in accordance with a timed multitasking model of computation, whereby I/O signals are exchanged with the controlled plant at precisely specified time instants, resulting in the elimination of I/O jitter. The paper presents an analysis technique that can be used to validate COMDES design models in SIMULINK. It is based on a transformation of the COMDES design model into a SIMULINK analysis model, which preserves the functional and timing behavior of the application. This technique has been employed to develop a feasible (light-weight) analysis method based on runtime observers. The latter are conceived as special-purpose actors running in parallel with the application actors, while checking system properties specified in Linear Temporal Logic. Observers are configured from reusable FBs that can be exported to SIMULINK in the same way as application components, making it possible to analyze system properties via simulation. The discussion is illustrated with an industrial case study—a Medical Ventilator Control System, which has been used to validate the developed design and analysis methods.
综述
现代技术发展日新月异，各学科发展相互影响相互促进。数控机床作为一种高精度的自动化机床，综合应用了电子、计算机、自动控制和机床制造等领域的先进技术。相信随着单片机等微电子技术的发展以及更加先进的控制理论和控制技术的出现，机床在加工精度和加工速度以及开放性和联网管理等方面都会迎来不错的发展前景。
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