摘要毫米波处在微波和红外之间，同时具有二者的优点又有区别于他们的独特地方。主被动毫米波复合探测系统是一种雷达和辐射计组合的复合式系统，其中雷达属于主动，辐射计属于被动。在远距离的时候，毫米波探测器在主动模式下运行，搜索跟踪然后对目标进行测距。在近距离，目标反射出现闪烁噪声，探测系统的天线被目标占满。对信号进行处理则是采用FPGA和DSP相结合的工作方式，FPGA主要用来实现主动测距和产生调制信号三角波的功能，DSP主要是被动模式中对回波信号的处理，用来实现二文定位。25423
  首先，本文简单介绍了毫米波调频测距雷达的原理，使用了xilinx公司的XC3S50芯片，用来产生变频的调制信号三角波，根据恒定差频体制测距。
  文章主要介绍了毫米波主被动探测系统的设计和测试方法。系统模块包括三角波信号发生器、目标探测系统、显示和控制系统以及数据采集系统。本文在详细介绍这些模块的作用以及设计思路的基础上，使用verilog语言在ISE集成环境下进行了FPGA实现。
关键词：毫米波，调频测距，FPGA，DSP，目标识别
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
Title    The design of a ranging algorithm for  3 mm active-passitive detection system    
Abstract
Between millimeter wave between microwave and infrared, which combines the advantages of the two is different from their unique place. The main passive MMW detection system is a kind of radar (active) and radiometer (passive) composite system combination. In the long time, the millimeter wave detector in the active mode, and the range to the target search and tracking. In the distance, target flicker noise, target detection system begins with antenna. The signal processing is the use of FPGA and DSP combination of working methods, FPGA is mainly used to achieve active ranging and modulation signal generated by the triangle wave function, DSP is the main processing of the echo signal in passive mode, to achieve two-dimensional positioning.
  Firstly, this paper introduces the principle of millimeter wave FM ranging radar, using XC3S50's Xilinx chip, is used to generate the triangle wave frequency modulation signal, according to the constant difference frequency ranging system.
  This paper mainly introduces the main millimeter wave passive detection system design and test methods. System module includes triangular wave signal generator, target detection system, display and control system and data acquisition system. This article in detail on the basis of the function of these modules and the design idea, use verilog language under the environment of ISE integrated the FPGA implementation.
Key Word: millimeter wave, FM ranging, Target recognition，FPGA, DSP
目   录
1  绪论    1
1.1  课题背景    1
1.1.1  毫米波的特点    1
1.1.2毫米波的应用    2
1.2  课题研究现状及趋势    3
1.2.1毫米波主被动复合探测器的前景    3
1.2.2国内外研究情况及发展趋势    3
1.3  论文的主要工作    4
2 主动通道的工作原理    4
2.1 毫米波调频测距雷达的工作原理    5
2.2 差频信号的时域分析以及调频雷达测距原理    6
2.3差频信号时域分析时的参数选择    8
3 恒定差频测距系统    9
3.1 工作原理与组成    9
3.2恒定差频的体制优点    11
4 目标测距算法的软件实现    12
4.1 FPGA概述    12
4.2  XC3S50芯片的简介    13 FPGA3mm主被动复合探测系统的测距算法设计:http://www.youerw.com/tongxin/lunwen_19211.html