Domestication was the mainstream in the translation field last century. As the development and globalization of the politics, economy, religion, the development of culture is coming into globalization gradually, and the permeation and communication between the different cultures become more and more frequent, which leads to a great influence in the translation field and moves up a current of foreignization. Many researchers express their idea that foreignization is, in essence, cross-cultural translation. Translation seems to hold the contact and transformation of different languages as the basic form, but in fact it carries the views of contact, collision and interchange between different cultures. 原文请加优.文,论,文.网QQ3249,114
Globalization in economy and information will undoubtedly accelerate cultural development. As different cultures meet, collide and penetrate, they will gradually be understood and accepted by all nations. Thus the cultural globalization is becoming a tendency. Being a tool of intercultural communication, translation will play a more important role than ever. A domesticated translation erases the nationality of a certain language and culture, depriving readers of any taste of “foreignness”. Foreignization, on the opposite, keeps the “taste” of the original work, giving readers the feeling like “travel abroad”. In a foreignization translation, traditions, customs, conventions, religion, and geography in another culture can be seen everywhere.
Chinese people could understand fully and respect the variety and difference of foreign culture. The example below is a best proof of that. It was a speech Chinese President Jiang Zeming made to celebrate the 80th anniversary of the establishment of the Communist Party of China. “The world is colorful and various. The variety of civilization of every country is the fundamental characteristic of human society and the motive force of the civilization progress. We should respect the historic culture, social system and developmental pattern of every country and recognize the reality that the world is various. Every civilization and social system of the world should coexist for a long time, and seek for others’ merits to compensate its shortages in the competition and comparison, and develop together permitting the similarity and difference.” Variety comes from difference, so respecting the difference is the precondition of respecting the variety, and foreignization embodies the difference. From what we can get, we know that the recent international development trend and Chinese national condition and basic policy set up a good environment for foreignization. All the merits of foreignization can accelerate the mutual exchange, mutual communication and mutual study of human. However, it doesn’t mean that we should accept and approve foreignization completely or reject and abandon domestication completely. We should apply foreignization as much as possible to reach the aim that we could understand and acknowledge the foreign cultures. The difference of cultures and thoughts can cause different taboos, to which we must pay much attention. To be easier to be accepted and understood and to avoid the misunderstanding, we should apply domestication.
4.1 Advantages of Foreignization
Foreignization gets the advantages that domestication doesn’t have, which makes foreignization superior to domestication. 原文请加优.文,论,文.网QQ324,9114
First, foreignization promotes the exchange of different cultures and supplies the readers with foreign culture. Every kind of culture has the similarity and the difference and foreignization meets the need of the difference. If we hide the difference to satisfy the nations, the readers should read smoothly but the culture information will be lost.
Second, foreignization enriches and develops both Chinese and English. The aim of translation is to bring in the advanced foreign cultures and find the materials that could enrich the language. Chinese absorbs many foreign words and sentences in a great degree and there are also many foreigners in English. Foreignization that brings in many foreign words enriches English and makes it become the global language.
4.2 Foreignizing of Chinese Menus毕业论文http://www.youerw.com/
Since domesticating translation doesn’t set any obstacle for foreigners when they enjoy Chinese cuisine, it is often the favorite choice in the translation of Chinese menu. However, because of the characteristics of Chinese menu, menu translation is an activity of transmitting Chinese culture. Moreover, today many foreigners are not only satisfied with food they eat, but also are curious about aesthetic and cultural elements in cuisine. Therefore, we can find that the adoption of foreignization in Chinese menu translation is helpful to protect and develop Chinese language and culture, and enrich English language and culture at the same time.
4.2.1 Literal Translation plus Explanation
As we discussed before, some of the Chinese dish names contain distinguished features of the Chinese language and culture. As a result, it is difficult to find out short words or sentences to explain their connotative meaning. Under such circumstances, complete literal translation can not be applied, as it is hard for foreign diners to understand if they are not familiar with the Chinese language and culture. Therefore, literal translation plus explanation can be employed. Examples are as follows:
糟溜三白 Sautéed Three White Slices
(Chicken, fish and bamboo shoots) with rice wine sauce