霍尔效应实验系统误差及数据处理探讨
摘 要：霍尔效应实验的过程中，由于爱廷毫森效应、能斯脱效应、里纪-勒杜克效应以及不等位电势会引起的四种系统误差。本文首先对这四种系统误差进行理论分析，并采用对称测量法消除系统误差，最后对数据处理的方法进行系统地研究。并将平均值法、Origin软件直线拟合法与最小二乘法进行对比，通过对结果的分析及相对不确定度大小的对比，可以发现用平均值法不仅繁琐，而且误差较大；用Origin直线拟合法比较直观、也很方便，求出的霍尔系数较为准确；用最小二乘法求出的霍尔系数误差是最准确的。
关键词：霍尔效应；误差分析；数据处理
Hall Effect Experiment System Error and Data Process in Discussing
Abstract: In the process of Hall Effect experiment, there will be four system errors which are caused by Ettinghausen effect, Nernst effect, Righi-leduc effect and voltage effect. This paper carries on the theoretical analysis to these four kinds of system errors firstly, uses the symmetric measurement method to elimininate the system errors secondly, and studies the method of data processing systematically in the last.
Comparing the average method, Origin software linear fitting with least squares method, We can find using the average value method is not only tedious but also having large error, and that using Origin software linear fitting is convenient and visualized, and that using least squares method gets the hall coefficient of a more accurate, through the analysis of results and the relative uncertainty of contrast.
Key Words: Hall Effect; Error analysis; Data processing
目录
摘要 1
引言 1
1. 霍尔效应实验概述 2
1.1 霍尔效应的实验原理 2
1.2 霍尔效应实验研究 3
2. 实验过程中的系统误差及解决方法 4
2.1 不等位电势 4
2.2 爱廷毫森效应 4
2.3 能斯脱效应 4
2.4 里纪-勒杜克效应 4
2.5 对称法消除系统误差 5
3. 数据处理的研究 5
3.1 确定磁场最强的位置 5
3.2 实验数据的处理 7
4. 结论 10
参考文献 10
致谢 12,3357