2。2 Previous Study on the Translation of English films 

Subtitle translation has been conferred with more and more attention due to the prosperity of science and technology。 Generally speaking, the pioneers of audiovisual translation study are western scholars as the movies and TV series first gain popularity in Europe, which also activates the development of film translation theory。 From late 1950s to early 1960s, western scholars began to do researches on audiovisual translation。 Subtitle translation first came to study when Dollerup published On Subtitles in Television Programmes in Bable in 1974。 Golden age of film translation started in Western film translation in 1990s。 In 1991, Luyken published Overcoming Language Barriers in Television: Dubbing and Subtitling for the European Audience, in which the language transformation in films was analyzed from a professional angle。 Besides, abundant data were listed to carry out a systematic and scientific study on the European films。 Other scholars like Ivarsson, Chaume and Gambier also made great contributions to subtitle translation。 Gambier, a genuine leader of audiovisual translation, conducted his study from a deep and wide range。 However, the history of film, not to mention that of the subtitle translation, is quite short in China。 At early times, films were merely on in a few major cities and were enjoyed by a minor group of people。 The former released movies were silent ones with foreign language subtitles。 Therefore, the requirements of subtitle translation were in great need。 Then in 1921, more and more foreign films were introduced and thus the subtitle translation received much concern。 The year 1949 witnessed the funding of the People's Republic of China。 Since then, Chinese films have entered a flourishing period and meanwhile china has also become an appealing market for the foreign films。 From the early 1980s, film translation began to leap after the implementation of the policy of reform and opening up。 Considerable foreign films, especially Hollywood blockbusters, have swarmed into China and have contributed to the improvement of the quality of film translation。 Frankly speaking, the theories of subtitle translation develop much slower than those in Western countries。 But Chinese scholars’ contributions to this circle cannot be ignored or underestimated。来*自~优|尔^论:文+网www.youerw.com +QQ752018766* Professor Qian Shaochang, a film and TV serials translator, has made tremendous contributions to translation study since 1988。 Due to his dedication, a large number of films and TV serials like Growing Pains, Grand Hotel, and The Thorn Birds could be enjoyed by the Chinese audience。 Professor Qian has also achieved a lot in theoretical research on audiovisual translation, which won great prestige for him。 He figured out the differences between film language and written language and generalized five features of the former。 Professor Li Yunxing first makes a brief analysis of subtitle translation and summarizes its features and corresponding translation strategies in terms of time and space。 Furthermore, professor Li argues that the subtitle translation should contain the most relevant information in the most effective way because the limitation of time and space。 In October 2001, Chinese University of Hong Kong held "International Conference on Dubbing and Subtitling in a World Context", which is definitely the first major conference on subtitling and dubbing in Asia and attracts a large quantity of scholars and professionals worldwide。 This meeting is far-reaching for Chinese film translation study since the professionals in this field began to probe into the audio-visual translation and get to know the development of film translation in Asia as well as in China。 Although large numbers of researches have been made on subtitle translation, few have analyzed it from the perspective of Eco-translatology。 This article will try to challenge the task。 生态翻译学视角下电影《速度与激情7》的字幕翻译(3):http://www.youerw.com/yingyu/lunwen_86039.html