70 years before, increasingly concerned about the ecological environment, landscape architecture, University of Pennsylvania Professor Lan McHarg proposed to include landscape as a geology, topography, hydrology, land use, plants, wildlife and climate and other decisive factors interrelated whole to look atpoint of view.Stressed the landscape plan should comply with the intrinsic value of nature and natural processes, and improved in order to factor stratified analysis and map overlay technology as the core of the Ecological Planning, Macharg called "Qian Cengbing model."The theory and method of landscape architecture to a certain extent given the scientific nature of the landscape as you can experience all kinds of objective analysis and conclusion, with clearly defined subjects.Macharg scope of the study focused on large-scale landscape and environmental planning, but for any scale of landscape architecture practice, this meant that an important message.That is in addition to an aesthetic landscape outside the system or an ecosystem, and those are just the art of the arrangement of plants and landscape design methods, more detailed design is the concept of environmental ethics.Although the landscape architectural practice in a pluralistic exploration, the natural determinism of the ideas are only one kind of assumptions Ji, but vulnerable when the critical state of the environment when there Macharg and Pennsylvania School of the most significant yes Cujinlandscape architecture as the ideological foundation of the professional work of the new criteria, the broad information  landscape designers the potential structure of thinking laid an indelible mark.For the modernist landscape architects, the concept of eco-ethics to tell them, in addition to social ties between people, all people are born with the Earth's ecological systems closely associated with. 3.4 Post-modernism and the art of landscape to explore     
When large-scale ecological landscape planning and rational method of turning at the same time, small-scale landscape architectural design by 60 environmental art since noon, and postmodern film incentives, art and landscape linkages have done a lot of new exploration.A new generation of landscape architect Peter Walker combines minimalism, classical and modernist minimalism to create a unique landscape.Full of mystery in his landscape design work, Walker used a simple form, repetition, geometric structure of the natural materials from the material in a natural structure of the original million-style together, bringing a new structureproduced new means of visual integrated experience.Mystery of general features of nature, human contact with nature has a mysterious atmosphere by a metaphor out of the art scene, landscape architecture in the function and esthetics were given on the basis of meaningful artistic temperament.And Martha Schwartz Landscape Design works are denied the authenticity of the material, instead of a serious banter.Complex instead of simple, modernist landscape of dull and discard the reason was the designer.Designers to express artistic ideas and new understanding of the landscape: the landscape is a man-made or artificial modification of the set of the space, which is the basis and background of public life, is related to art and life.Post-modernist novel materials with almost eerie and staggered hybrid system reflects the composition of post-modern American society complex and contradictory social reality to the image of perse social values embodied multi-source, expressed in this complex society tovulnerable groups, speech power of the social ideals of postmodernism.In the performance style, these active experiments with neo-classical 19th century landscape architecture are similar, the same inspiration for the visual arts, also emphasized the use of circular geometry rather than the so-called naturalistic style.But here, the inpidual imagination combines the functions of caring modernist sound art to think about the social elements of the modern landscape as a creative opportunity, rather than constraints, and create a unique landscape art in the role of the environment re-established and deepenedBut this time the art is designed to encourage, rather than a priori form of domination.                            现代景观建筑学英文文献和中文翻译(3):http://www.youerw.com/fanyi/lunwen_34047.html