4.4.2.5. Bonded Length of 900 mm110
4.4.3. Cyclic Loading Tests 113
4.4.3.1. Bonded Length of 4 b d .113
4.4.3.2. Bonded Length of 16 b d ..115
4.4.3.3. Bonded Length of 24 b d ..115
4.4.3.4. Bonded Length of 24 b d plus an Additional Unbonded Length of
8 b d 116
4.4.3.5. Bonded Length of 900 mm117
4.5 Design of Additional Unbonded Length 118
4.5.1. Equivalent Unbonded Length ..118
4.5.2. Design of Additional Unbonded Length for Column Specimens..121
CHAPTER 5 SEGMENT COLUMN TESTING. 128
5.1 Background and Objectives . 128
5.2 Specimen Description . 129
5.2.1. Design Concepts .129
5.2.2. Specimen Design 133
5.2.3. Construction Sequence.140
5.2.4. Instrumentation 144
5.2.5. Test Setup and Loading Scheme.147
5.3 Results of Cyclic Loading Tests 151
5.3.1. Test Process ..151
5.3.2. Damage Distribution.157
5.3.3. Hysteretic Behavior ..160
5.3.4. Hysteretic Energy Dissipation .165
5.3.5. Residual Drift167
5.3.6. Joint Opening168
5.3.7. Rotation Increment.170
5.3.8. Prestressing Force ..171
5.3.9. Strains in ED Bars..173
5.3.10. Strains in Mild Steel Reinforcement inside Column Segments179
5.4. Results of Pseudo-Dynamic Loading Tests 185
5.4.1. General Observation .185
5.4.2. Damage Distribution.193
5.4.3. Hysteretic Behavior ..197
5.4.4. Energy..203
5.4.5. Residual Drift under Cyclic Loading206
5.4.6. Joint Opening207
5.4.7. Rotation Increment.212
5.4.8. Prestressing Force ..214
5.4.9. Strains in ED bars ..217
5.4.10. Strains in Mild Steel Reinforcement inside Column Segments221
5.5. Comparisons of Experimental Results to Analytical Studies 226
CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. 229
6.1 Summary 229
6.2 Conclusions.. 231
6.2.1. Analytical Study..231
6.2.2. Critical Joint Testing.232
6.2.3. Segment Column Testing233
6.2.3.1. Cyclic Loading Tests 233
6.2.3.2. Pseudo-Dynamic Loading Tests .235
6.3 Future Research Work 236
REFERENCES.. 238
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.3.1. Parameters in parametric study54
Table 3.3.2. Material properties .55
Table 3.3.3. Parameters of columns with optimum ED bars ratio for response-
history analysis.73
Table 4.2.1. Dimension of corrugated galvanized steel ducts 83
Table 4.2.2. Design parameters of test bars in foundation specimens for monotonic
loading – part 1 85
Table 4.2.3. Design parameters of test bars in foundation specimens for monotonic
loading – part 2 88
Table 4.2.4. Design parameters of test bars in base segment specimens for
monotonic loading – part 2 89
Table 4.2.5. Design parameters of test bars in foundation specimens for cyclic
loading..90
Table 4.2.6. Design parameters of test bars in base segment specimens for cyclic
loading..90
Table 4.4.1. Grout properties ..99
Table 4.5.1. Damage index for the test bars with different strain life models.125
Table 4.5.2. Damage index at 5% column drift for ED bars with designed additional
unbonded length125
Table 5.2.1. Major design parameters..137
Table 5.2.2. Material properties ..137
Table 5.2.3. Dimensions of corrugated galvanized steel ducts139
Table 5.3.1 Test results ..163
Table 5.3.2 Actual prestress force and prestress loss..172
Table 5.4.1 Lateral stregnth of the specimens 202
Table 5.4.2 Actual prestress force.215
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1.1. Distribution of segmental columns and piers in the U.S. .4
Figure 1.1.2. Photos of bridges using precast segmental columns or piers 梁桥英文文献和中文翻译(3):http://www.youerw.com/fanyi/lunwen_12276.html