圣经翻译中的关联与顺应
can be readily sensed by the fact that at least one book of the Bible has been translated and published in 2009 languages and dialects, spoken by a minimum of 97 percent of the world's population. The Bible is not only a religious book, but also a great literary treasure, within which abundant literary genres can be found: poems, drama, letters, speeches, etc. Besides, it also has a wealth of information on history, geography, anthropology, archeology and even architecture. This is why some call the Bible an encyclopedia. However, the Bible claims itself as the Word of God, the creator of human beings and the universe: "All scripture is inspired by God and is useful for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, so God may be proficient, equipped for every good work."(Tim 3:16,17).
1.2 Introducton to Bible Translation —CUV and TCV
The Bible has been translated into more languages than any other book ever written. Hence Bible translation holds a unique position in the history of translation and contributes greatly to the translation theory. (Ren Dongsheng, 2002)
When the Bible is translated into a different language, it is usually translated from the original Hebrew and Greek. However, some translations in the past were derived from an earlier translation: for example, the first English translation by John Wycliffe in 1380 was translated from the Latin Vulgate. This also happened in China. The two versions that have been chosen as the objects of the thesis were such case. The fact that they were both translated from English versions enables the author to conduct this research since she knows neither Hebrew nor Greek.
As part of the history of Bible translation, the history of Chinese Bible translation is as long and complex as before. However, this history is new to many Chinese, even Chinese Christians and experts on translation. The history of Chinese Bible translation covers a period of about 1400 years from the translating activity of the Nestorians in A.D. 635 to the publication of the New Chinese Version in 1992 and is still going on. The author of this thesis divides this long history into 6 periods according to the types of translators and the tasks of the period, namely: (1) Preliminary Period (before 1807); (2) the First Independent Period-the Work of Foreign Missionaries (1807-1835); (3) the First Cooperative Period-the Work of Foreign Missionary Organizations (1835-1919); (4) the Second Independent Period-the Work of Chinese Bible Experts (1930-1970); (5) the Second Cooperative Period-the Work of Foreigners and Chinese Experts (1945-1968); (6)the Third Cooperative Period-the Work of Chinese Bible Experts (1970-1992); (7)The Revision of CUV and the Publishing of Versions with Ex eges and in Simplified Chinese by Chinese Churches (the 1980s-present).
As with any cultural activity, Bible translation today must have followed the tradition of and received much inheritance from the previous translation activity on the Bible. This survey is intended to provide a description of the history according to the divisions above and trace its development. However, due to the complex historical materials and the length of the thesis, this introduction can not cover all the versions, and emphasis will be given to some important and monumental versions.
Chinese Union Version (CUV)
The most famous Chinese translation of the Hebrew Bible is the Chinese Union Version (CUV). It was so named as a reflection of the fact that translators from all the major denominations of the time came together and worked in cooperation with one another in order to complete work. This translation was commissioned by the Shanghai Missionary Society in 1890 and completed in 1919 by a sixteen-member committee of foreign missionaries, with the aid of several Chinese believers to check the accuracy of the language used. Parts of the translators of the Hebrew Bible were selected from Bible experts who were also missionaries. They were C. W. Mateer from the Presbyterian Church in U.S.A., G C. Goodrich Owen and S. Lewis from the American Methodist Episcopal Church, from the American Congregationalist, and F. W. Baller from the China Inland Mission. The translation effort for the Hebrew part of the Bible lasted almost thirteen years, with the books of Job and Psalms finished first and the complete Bible finished in 1919.
An Italian Franciscan Friar, Gabriele Allegra, who died in 1976, began a Chinese Bible translation in 1935 and later founded the Studium Biblicum to accomplish his work. This translation was done directly from the original Bible, and the process was well documented. The Chinese translation of the Bible was published in 1954 in Hong Kong. In 1968, a revised version of the Chinese translation was published in combination with the recently finished New Testament translation. In 1992, this version was once again published, but for the first time in Mainland China.
The translation emphasizes accuracy over eleg毕业论文
http://www.youerw.comance. It made every effort to convey the original meanings of the scriptures, and the translators had received the most advanced biblical scholarship training of the time. Another outstanding feature of this translation is the introduction added in front of every book and the detailed summary and endnotes added after each book. It attempts not only to reflect the latest scholarship of biblical studies of the time in its notes and introductions, but also adds explanatory notes and quotations from traditional Chinese sources in order to elucidate the Hebrew texts. Every introduction by itself is a valuable scholarly article about the book. Due to the large amount of information added to the translation of the original texts, single volumes of each book with full notations targeting advanced readers were published in addition to the one volume edition with abridged notations. The appendices of the single volume copies are also very useful.
The CUV took 27 years to finish and it replaced the other versions soon after its publication. It has been the most famous and popular one since its publication and is still widely used today. For the majority of Chinese Christians, the Chinese Bible equals the CUV. The publication of the CUV in 1919 marked the peak of Chinese Bible translation, background of the time.
Today's Chinese Version (TCV)
The TCV is the product of cooperation between Protestant and Catholic churches, which was the first formal cooperation between the two sides in China. In January, 1968,
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