occurs only where the anode contacts the workpiece. During
the brush plating process, the plating tool is always kept in
motion whenever it is in contact with the work surface. The
movement will apply even plating on the entire area being
plated and ensure a quality finish. More detailed information
about brush plating includes “Brush plating” by Norris [2], and
“An update on brush plating” by Vanek [3].
Due to its portability, flexibility and easiness to operate,
brush plating has found increasing use in industry. Dini [4]
summarized quantitative property data on a variety of brush-
plated deposits, which offer promise in applications involving
wear and/or corrosion resistance. Subramanian et al. [5,6]
adopted brush plating technique to prepare tin selenide thin
film on tin oxide coated conducting substrates at room temper-
ature. Xu et al. [7] prepared Ni interlayer by brush plating
before double glow plasma alloying of low carbon steel to
enhance corrosion resistance. Hu et al. [8] used brush-plated
Ni–W coating as interlayer to improve the adhesion and wear
resistance. Hui et al. [9] reported that the wear resistance of
brush-plated alloy Ni–Fe–W–S was superior to that of an
electrodeposited chromium layer under dry friction at heavy
load. Ma et al. [10] studied the tribological behavior of sulfu-
rized olefin on Ni–P brush plating layers and found that the
chemical reaction film NiS formed by the reaction of SO with
Ni–P plating layer on wear surfaces possessed very good anti-
scuffing and anti-wear properties.
Electrodeposited nickel composite coatings have widespread
use in engineering, which conventionally have particles of a
diameter ranging between 1 and 100 μm. There is now a trend
to using nano-sized particles as the additional ingredient of the
nickel composite. Du et al. [11,12] prepared nano-Al2O3/Ni
composite coatings by means of brush plating and found that
n-Al2O3/Ni composite coatings show improved tribological
properties under abrasive contaminant lubrication. Xu et al.
[13] reported that the brush-plated nickel silica nano-composite
coatings possess finer crystal grains and the bonding between
the matrix metal Ni and the SiO2 ceramic particles is compact.
Wang et al. [14] studied the micro mechanical properties of
nano-Al2O3/Ni composite coatings, such as hardness, elastic
modulus and indentation creep property by nanoindentation
and found that the mechanical properties are basically identical
within the whole coating and the hardness is 2.4 times higher
than that of steel. Kolasa et al. [15] reported that the Al2O3
nanopowder addition into the plating solution increased the
coating microhardness, particularly for nickel based coatings.
It can be seen from the above brief review of literature that
brush plating has been successfully employed for the prepara-
tion of coatings and/or composite coatings. This attributes to
not only its flexibility but also deposit quality, which is
achieved and maintained by controlling current density, solu-
tion flow, anode design, anode covering material, relative
anode to cathode speed, contact pressure between anode (plat-
ing tool) and cathode (part), etc. “Correctly trained and experi-
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