归化与异化翻译论文
Chapter1 Introduction Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology and the increasing interconnectedness of the international economic and cultural systems, the world is getting smaller and smaller and becoming a global village. Communication among the people in the global village is growing more and more frequent. Translation, as a means of transferring languages as well as cultures, is playing an increasingly important role in the globalization, which also gives a great impetus to the development of civilization.
1.1 The Cultural Turn in the Study of Translation
For centuries, the studies of translation have been subsumed under either of two different subjects or disciplines: linguistics and comparative literature. Traditional translation studies mainly involve the comprehension and criticism of the original text and its translation. Most papers on translation focus on linguistic analysis and textual comparison. Translation even has been seen as a segment or sub-field of linguistics on the basic premise that translation is a kind of communication between two languages, and the object of translation study is to achieve a kind of grammatical or syntactical equivalence. Before 1970s, the study of translation occupied a minor corner of applied linguistics, an even more minor corner of literary studies, and little position at all in the cultural studies.
But shortly afterwards, it began to be noticed that translation is not merely “the replacement of textual material in one language (source language) by equivalent material in another language (target language)” (J. C. Catford, 1965:20). Hans Vermeer, a German translator, once proposed his understanding of translation from a cultural perspective as “information offered in a language z of culture Z which imitates information offered in a language of culture A so as to fulfill the desired function. That means that a translation is not the transcoding of words or sentences from one language into another, but a complex action in which someone provides information about a text under new functional, cultural and linguistic conditions and in a new situation, whereby formal characteristics are imitated as far as possible” (Hans Vermeer, 1986:36).
In a broad sense, all human activities are cultural activities. Translation is no exception. Christiane Nord uses the notion of “intercultural communication” in stead of “translation”; Holz-Manttari uses “intercultural cooperation” to refer to translation; R. Daniel Shaw coins the word “transculturation” to replace translation; Andre Lefevere views translation as a kind of “acculturation” (Guo, 1998:12). Furthermore, Lance Hewson and Jacky Martin (1991:131-135), while considering the translator as “cultural operator”, claim that “cultural equation should be an essential part of translation theory and practice alike.”
In 1990, Susan Bassnett and Andre Lefevere were the first to suggest that translation studies take the “Cultural turn”, which marks a shift of emphasis in translation studies from the linguistic analysis to the broader issues of context, history and convention in their co-edited works of Translation / History / Culture: A Sourcebook:
Once upon a time, the questions that were always being asked were “How can translation be taught?” and “How can translation be studied?” Those who regarded themselves as translators were often contemptuous of any attempts to teach translation, whilst those who claimed to teach often did not translate, and so had to resort to the old evaluative method of setting one translation alongside another and examining both in a formalist vacuum. Now, the questions have changed. The object of study has been redefined; what is studied is the text embedded in its network of both source and target cultural signs and in this way Translation Studies has been able to utilize the linguistic approach and to move out beyond it (2004:123). 本文来自优;文*论-文~网
They maintain that the study of translation is the study of cultural interaction. Translation is never done in a vacuum. Neither does the writer nor the translator operate in a vacuum; they are the products of a particular culture, of a particular moment in time. Increasingly, there is a move towards cultural studies in the field of translation since no translator can escape from cultural constrains and translation theory can never be all-around without cultural studies. Translation studies have moved on from endless debates about “equivalence” to discussion of the factors involved in text production across linguistic boundaries. They go towards a greater awareness of the international context and the need to balance local with global discourses. Undoubtedly this broadened the vision of translation study.
CONTENTS毕业论文http://www.youerw.com
Abstract......I
摘要 Ⅲ
Chapter1 Introduction 1
1.1 The Cultural Turn in the Study of Translation 1
1.2 Studies of Domestication and Foreignization 3
1.3 The Purpose, Significance and the Framework of the Thesis 4
Chapter 2 Towards Domestication and Foreignization 5
2.1 Definitions of Domestication and Foreignization 5
2.2 The Disputes over Domestication and Foreignization in History 7
2.3Why Have the Disputes Always Been Going on? 8
2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Domestication and Foreignization 9
Chapter 3 Factors that Influence Translator’s Selection of Translation Strategies 11
3.1 Types of Text 11
3.2 Social and Cultural Background 15
3.3 Target Language Readers 15
3.4 Translator’s Attitude 17
Chapter 4 The Application of the Two Strategies to the Two English Versions of Hong Lou Meng 19
4.1 A Glimpse of Hong Lou Meng and Its English Versions 19
4.2 The Reasons for Choosing These two English Versions of Hong Lou Meng 20
4.3 A Comparative Study of the Two Versions of Hong Lou Meng 21
4.4 Translating Hong Lou Meng According to the Social Culture 22
Chapter 5 Conclusions 25
Bibliography 27
Acknowledgements1567