《草叶集》中的主要意象及其反映的惠特曼的哲学思想 Acknowledgments
On the completion of my thesis, I would like to express my gratitude to the following people who helped me during the writing of this thesis. Without their help the thesis could not have been completed.
My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Associate Professor .Lin Xiaojun, my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. It was she who guided me into the wide world of literature and spared her time from busy schedule to help me, gave me advice. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.
I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in the school of Foreign Languages, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures, I have benefited a lot.
Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who has gave me their help and time in listening to me and helped me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.
Abstract
Walt Whitman (May 31, 1819 – March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist, journalist and humanist. His work was very controversial in its time and had been described as a “rude shock” and “the most audacious and debatable” contribution yet ever made to American literature. He is among the most influential and controversial poets in the American literature. Leaves of Grass is the masterpiece of Walt Whitman. He spent his entire life writing Leaves of Grass, revising it in several editions until his death.
Taking an overall view of Whitman’s studies in China or western countries, many of them are emphasized on the poet’s life, the analysis of the verse in Whitman’s poems, the style of his poems. Few people interpret his poems from the angle of images. This thesis aims to analyze the main images and Whitman’s philosophy reflected in Leaves of Grass. This thesis contains seven chapters. Chapter one is an introduction of Walt Whitman and his work Leaves of Grass by pointing out the purpose and significance of the study. Chapter two is the interpretation of the first image “I” and comes to a conclusion of Whitman’s self which contain three layers- individual self, American self and universal self本文来自优\文/论^文?网，毕业论文 www.youerw.com. Chapter three is the study of the second image “Democracy” and expresses Whitman’s belief in the importance of democracy. He believes only in a democratic society can individuals acquire self-hood. Chapter four is the explanation of the third image “Death” which demonstrates Whitman’s thought that death is the same as the new birth and it is the turn between death and new lives. Chapter five is the last image “Mystery” which explains why the poem of Whitman’s is full of mysterious colors. Chapter six is the conclusion of Whitman’s philosophy reflected above the four images. Leaves of Grass is a portrayal of Whitman’s life. The images in it also reflect his philosophy thinking. We can find out the meaning of images of “I” “Democracy” and “Death” through his universal viewpoint. Chapter seven is the overall conclusion. From the analysis of the previous chapter, the author will have a conclusion naturally: As one of the great poets in American, Whitman’s creation of Leaves of Grass is not accidental, his personality, his view on life, the age and the social surroundings, especially his universal pint of view are the combing influences on Whitman’s poems. The main images “I”, “Democracy” and “Death” in Leaves of Grass reflect the poet’s profound universal point of view and philosophy. In short, the thesis on Whitman’s philosophy will be helpful for others to understand Leaves of Grass thoroughly.
Key Words: Walt Whitman, images, self, democracy, philosophy thinking
摘要
沃尔特.惠特曼(1819年5月31日-1892年3月26日), 美国诗人、散文家、新闻工作者及人文主义者。他的作品在当时很有争议性，被称为突如其来的打击并且有史以来对美国文学最大胆和最有争议的贡献。他是美国文学中最有影响力和有争议的诗人。《草叶集》是沃尔特.惠特曼的著作，他花了一生创作《草叶集》，修改了成了无数版本，直至他死去。
纵观中外对惠特曼的研究中，许多都是研究诗人的生活，分析诗歌的韵律及诗歌的风格，很少有人从意象这个角度来解读他的诗歌。本文主要通过分析草叶集中的主要意象来得出所反映的惠特曼的哲学思想。论文总共七章。第一章简要介绍惠特曼的生平以及他的作品《草叶集》指出了研究的目的和意义。第二章是解释了第一个意象“我”，得出了惠特曼的自我，它包括了三个层面：个人自我，美国自我，宇宙自我。第三章是研究了第二个意象“民主”并且表达出了惠特曼坚信民主的重要性。他认为只有在民主的社会中才可以获得自我。第四章是解释了第三个意象“死亡”，他认为死亡和新生一样，是死亡和新生中的一种转变。第五章是最后一个意象“神秘”，它解释了为什么惠特曼的诗歌中充满了神秘的色彩。第优章是总结以上四个意象所反应的哲学。《草叶集》是惠特曼一生的写照。在这之中的意象也反映了他的哲学思想。我们可以通过他宇宙的观念来得出这些意象的意义。第七章是一个整体总结。惠特曼作为伟大的美国诗人之一，《草叶集》的创作并不是偶然的，是在诗人的人生观，诗人所处的时代和环境，特别是诗人宇宙观念等诸多因素的综合影响下出现的。《草叶集》中的主要意象：“我”，“民主” 和“死亡” 体现了诗人的宇宙意识和哲学思想。总而言之，这篇论文能帮助其他人更彻底地理解《草叶集》。
关键词：沃尔特.惠特曼，《 草叶集》，意象，自我，民主，哲学思想3715